Tularemia in Luxembourg: new cases recorded in wild hares

Cases of tularemia, also known as "hare disease", a rare but dangerous infectious disease transmitted from animals to humans, have again been reported in Luxembourg. The first case was officially confirmed on 3 April 2025 in a wild hare found in Junglinster. The second was on 16 April in a hare found dead on the side of a road near the village of Wellenstein. Both cases were confirmed by the Veterinary and Food Laboratory Authority (LVA).

Tularemia is caused by the highly infectious bacterium Francisella tularensis. Its natural reservoir is wild animals, especially hares, rabbits, rodents, and some carnivores and ungulates. The disease is extremely dangerous not only for animals but also for humans, as it is transmitted by contact with infected individuals, through the bite of infected ticks, as well as by eating undercooked meat or inhaling contaminated dust.

In animals, the disease is often rapid, with lethargy, unsteady gait, lack of fear of people, weight loss and skin changes. Hares are particularly susceptible, often dying within a few days.

In humans, manifestations depend on the mode of infection: from flu-like symptoms to ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhoea, fever and headaches. Without timely treatment, tularemia can lead to severe complications.

Experts strongly recommend avoiding all contact with wild animals or their carcasses. Gloves and respirators (FFP2/FFP3) should be worn if contact is necessary, e.g. when disposing of dead animals. Meat from hares and rabbits should be thoroughly fried or boiled, as the high temperature reliably destroys bacteria.

Pets such as dogs and cats are also susceptible to the disease and can mediate transmission to humans. They should therefore avoid contact with wild hares and rabbits.

If a sick animal is found, please contact the Wildlife Care Centre in Dudelange. Dead hares can be handed over to the LVA for analysis by contacting +352 24782544.