Tularemia in Luxembourg: confirmed case of hare plague in a wild animal

On 24 March 2025, a wild hare was brought to the Wëlldéier Drop-off point in Junglinster and died at the Centre de soins pour la faune sauvage. On 3 April, laboratory tests conducted at the Veterinary and Food Laboratory (LVA) revealed that the animal was infected with tularemia, a highly contagious bacterial disease also known as hare plague.

Tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis and is an acute infectious disease dangerous not only to animals but also to humans. Hares are particularly susceptible, hence the name "hare plague". The infection can also affect rabbits, mice, rats, raptors and ungulates, as well as domestic cats and dogs, which in turn can transmit the disease to humans.

Transmission occurs by contact with infected animals or their remains, by cutting and eating inadequately heat-treated meat, and through contaminated water, dust or insect and tick bites.

Even small skin wounds can become a gateway for the bacterium to enter. Symptoms include fever, enlarged lymph nodes, weakness, headaches, muscle aches, vomiting, diarrhoea and long-lasting sores in the skin form of the disease.

In animals, the disease can be lightning fast. In hares, it often manifests itself acutely: the animal loses orientation, becomes lethargic, it has a tangled coat and loss of fear instinct. The chronic variant is accompanied by severe emaciation and skin lesions.

How do I protect myself?

The Ministry strongly recommends avoiding direct contact with wild animals, especially if they appear sick. Disposable gloves and a protective mask (FFP2/FFP3) should be used if contact is necessary (e.g. to assist an injured animal).

The meat of hares and rabbits should always be well fried or boiled - high temperature reliably destroys the pathogen.

Pets - especially dogs and cats - should not be allowed contact with hares or rabbits to avoid infection and possible transmission to humans.

Equipment and materials in contact with infected animals should be disinfected to eliminate the risk of infection.

What should be done when sick or dead hares are found?

If you find a sick wild hare, contact the Wildlife Care Centre in Dudelange. Dead animals can be taken to the veterinary laboratory (LVA) for analysis by calling in advance: (+352) 247-82544