The National Museum of Luxembourg smells of "popcorn"

The Luxembourg Museum has introduced an advanced biological pest control technology using hot air treatment at controlled humidity. This method effectively destroys insects without damaging historical artefacts, while avoiding the use of chemicals.

The technology is based on heating objects to a temperature of 42-52 °C, at which insect proteins (at all stages of their development) undergo irreversible denaturation. This process is reminiscent of cooking an egg, which is why the device has been jokingly called a "popcorn machine". The key element is to maintain a stable humidity of 50 per cent to avoid deformation or damage to objects made of hygroscopic materials such as wood, paper or fabrics.

A special computer controls the temperature and humidity, making sure that the difference between the surface and the core of the object does not exceed 3 °C, which prevents internal stresses and dimensional changes.

Unlike traditional methods using chemicals, the new technology is completely environmentally friendly. A system of inbuilt filters removes volatile biocides from the air, which remain on the objects from previous treatments. This not only protects the artworks, but also reduces their pollution.

The method is also cost-effective: one treatment cycle lasts only 17 hours, which is significantly faster than traditional anaerobic treatment, which takes three weeks. The system consumes little energy and water, minimising its carbon footprint.

The container that houses the equipment is easy to move, allowing it to be used when moving museum collections. It also serves as a quarantine zone for suspicious objects, preventing the spread of pests.